L2 acquisition vs. learning
Research shows that there is an important distinction between language acquisition and language learning. Language acquisition is when children are unaware that they acquire language during a process of which they do not realize that they are learning grammatical rules. This is the same as when a child acquires their first language. They can distinguish between what is correct and incorrect subconsciously. When learning a second language the student needs to be able to naturally communicate. Young children when studying english get plenty of practice in their everyday lives. They are ready to acquire the language to communicate. (Haynes, n.d.). Language learning is different. It is not learned through communication. The students are aware that they are learning the rules and regulations of a language. It is more suited for older children. The student knows that they are learning a new language and can talk about that knowledge. Although, research shows that knowing these grammar rules does not guarantee that you will excel in good writing or speaking. Memorizing rules may help a child succeed on a test but it may not benefit them in their everyday lives. (Haynes, n.d.)
Furthermore, Language Acquisition encourages communication and practice to acquire the rules and mastery of the language (Krashen, 1981). An L1 may "substitute" for the acquired L2. The more efficient a student is at their first language, the easier it will be to learn a second language. The earlier a child learns a language the more that they will absorb. There is a barrier that develops in the brain the older you get, to not be able to learn a second language as easily as a child (Krashen, 1981).
Children acquire their mother tongue strictly through interaction with their parents and surroundings. Communication allows for acquisition to take place. Every human can acquire a language if they are in the right environment. Acquiring a language means that by the time a child is five, they can clearly express their language/grammar perfectly. Most parents do not have to explain the ins and outs of a language. A first language is normally acquired, and a second language may be acquired the same way if it is done at a young age (Folloli, n.d.). Language learning is not only through communication, it is learning a language through instruction and specific rules. This is more for older children and adults. In language learning, students have a conscious knowledge of the new language that they are learning. Again, research has shown that knowing grammar rules does guarantee you to have good speaking and writing skills. As teachers, it is our duty to make sure that our students "acquire" rather than "learn" their second language.
Sources:
Foppoli, J. (n.d.). Language Acquisition vs Language Learning. Retrieved from http://www.eslbase.com/articles/language-acquisition
Haynes, J. (n.d.). Language Acquisition vs. Language Learning. Retrieved from http://www.everythingesl.net/inservices/language_acquisiti_vs_language_02033.php
Krashen, S.D. (1981). Second language acquisition and second language learning. Language learning, 31, 493-502.